Why Healthy Soil Matters in your Garden

Healthy soil is precious

Soil – also known as topsoil, earth, muck, mud, dirt… Whatever you call the top layer of soil in your garden, did you know that it takes around 2000 years to form 100mm of it? Healthy soil is one of the most precious elements we have on earth; it is essential to our social, economic and environmental stability. Without healthy soil we wouldn’t be able grow crops and we just wouldn’t survive – so why do we humans not look after it? Could it be that we don’t understand it’s importance, or how to work with it/look after it or that we just don’t care? Whatever the reason, the fact is, our soil is degrading at an alarming rate, and we need to respect it and look after what we have whether we are working with it as a homeowner or as a professional, before it’s too late.

Soil can be so easily damaged by, for instance, natural erosion due to strong winds, rain washing nutrients away or flooding; also pollutants; lack of ground cover and installing too high a proportion of hard landscaping in a garden; having lots of paving with non-permeable jointing, and more. Using cement or artificial lawns and plants all have a devastating effect on the health of our soil (more on artificial lawns later).

In many cases, soil is stripped and sent away to a recycling centre and manufactured topsoil is then brought back in to create borders. Historically, the majority of manufactured topsoil has been, and still is, created to suit golf industry requirements. This topsoil includes high levels of sand, which does a great job on golf courses where it gets regular irrigation and fertilisers. However, studies have shown that these soils aren’t suitable for onward growth of trees, and in terms of the average garden will often mean that plants and crops are unlikely to thrive well either. Manufactured soils are just that: manufactured i.e. they aren’t naturally occurring and are likely to have little to no soil life in them; in short, they are not a good substitute for proper, healthy soil.

Help soil help itself

As garden designers it is our job to conserve as much top soil as we can in a garden. It’s not only better for the environment, but it is the most cost-effective solution too so it makes sense that healthy soil should never be sent away to a recycling facility. The condition of existing soil almost doesn’t matter either; if we can give nature the right type of help it is likely that it will begin to heal itself and improve its own health. For example, if soil is waterlogged that can mean both the topsoil and the subsoil underneath are compacted. Break up that compaction and studies have shown that the ensuing movement of water and nutrients aids soil recovery and promotes soil life.

Micro-organisms, earthworms and many insects naturally live in our soils and are essential for its cultivation and for keeping it a healthy medium for growing crops, trees and plants. We can, of course, help this along by mulching our soils once or twice a year with good organic material. The soil life will begin to process it and that will help improve the structure of the soil thereby allowing and maximising the uptake of nutrients by plants. In a nutshell then healthy soil equals healthy plants.

One final note about artificial lawns – this is a product that can have a devastating effect on the micro-organisms and insects in the soil beneath (e.g., earthworms can suffocate) and the birds and insects above – not to mention the plastic particulates that transfer into the ground. We have committed to never specifying or using any artificial lawns (or plants) in any of our designs and we hope that talking about the importance of soil health will help convince you to never use artificial grass in any situation. It might not look it but a real lawn has a huge ecosystem living under, on and above it. So, please, do what you can to respect and look after your own bit of topsoil; nurture it, don’t smother it or compact it and never let anyone take it away!

5 reasons to create a fabulous front garden

In all of the years we’ve been designing gardens we’re rarely asked to do anything with a front garden. Not many of us have a frontage like Kiftsgate, seen here in our image, but most of us do seem to think long and hard about what we want from our back gardens but rarely approach our front gardens with the same level of gusto – or indeed with any level of gusto to be fair – which is a shame.

When we ask clients what they want from their back gardens the lists we get back are usually long and multi-faceted but ask somebody what they want from their front garden and most people tend to lean towards the ‘somewhere to park the car’ and ‘somewhere to hide the bins’ approach, and don’t take their thoughts any further. But why stop there? We may not want to sit out and entertain in the front garden but a fabulous front garden is in reach of anyone who has one and in this blog we’re going to try to convince you why it’s worth going beyond the total paving approach to our front gardens and opting instead for a beautiful, planted but still functional space.

So, in no particular order here are our top 5 reasons to create a fabulous front garden…

This list isn’t exhaustive but when so many positive consequences can come from reconsidering and treating your front garden as a garden rather than a car park and bin store why wouldn’t you opt for a fabulous front garden?

Butt, butt, butt...

We may be hurtling into winter and given the level of rainfall we've been experiencing the thought of manually watering your garden may be further from your mind than the furthest thing in your mind right now, but trust us, if you haven’t already got things covered, now is the perfect time to be thinking of those longer, drier summers that are coming our way; because simply speaking, longer, drier summers means less available water in our gardens, and less available water means that some of our precious garden plants may begin to suffer through those drier summer days.

Before we all start to panic though, for the most part right now, established trees and shrubs that have been in the ground for over 5 years, are likely to be able to cope without (or with very little) manual watering through the summer. In this case natural rainfall levels through the year combined with the ground’s natural ability to store water and the wide-ranging roots of these plants are usually enough to see them through drier spells.

However, that still potentially leaves a lot of plants in our gardens that will require manual watering through drier periods, for instance, those with shallow root systems like annuals and spring-planted vegetables; many other edibles; young trees and shrubs; newly planted areas in the garden; perennials; those planted in containers and hanging baskets; and those planted in rain shadows of other plants or next to walls or fence posts. (We’re deliberately avoiding the mention of ‘lawn’ in this list – usually the thirstiest part of your garden!)

It might be tempting to turn on the tap in the drier months but there are some compelling reasons not to, including: firstly, with utility-supplied water becoming ever more scarce, and more of the country falling into areas classified as ‘water stressed’, many of us are now living with water meters as a driver to using water more efficiently so it can be a costly exercise to try to keep a garden watered. We never advocate watering a lawn unless it’s newly laid but using a sprinkler for 1 hour uses as much water as a family of four uses in a whole day so you get the picture.

Secondly and more importantly, plants just love natural rainwater, which contains nitrates, an important supply of nitrogen for plants which gives them their lush, green, abundant leaves. It makes sense then, that in a country that generally doesn’t seem to have a shortage of free, nutrient-rich natural rainwater falling throughout its cooler months, that we should work out ways of storing rainfall for use in the garden in drier times. Enter the humble water butt.

It may not be the sexiest garden accessory going but water butts are high up the list of being among the most useful and we never design a garden without trying to incorporate at least one extra water butt in it! If you have a roof of any sort on your property – a house, a garage, a shed, a gazebo, and more – we’d recommend fitting at least one water butt (with diverter kit) to the down pipes from each and every one of them. Too much? Perhaps not enough when you consider that a single, medium-sized hanging basket will need hand watering with around 100 litres of water during warm, dry weather during its growing period. Extrapolate that out to the list of plants mentioned above and the required number of litres for hand watering during the summer could be significant.

When you consider a small water butt will hold around 100 litres of water and a ‘standard’ size holds around 170-250 litres, it seems that the more the merrier is the way to go when thinking about water butt numbers. There are higher capacity butts available but these come with significantly higher price tags so for most of us connecting a series of smaller butts in order to increase capacity is often the more cost-effective way to go but of course that can, in turn, create an aesthetic challenge if butts can’t be tucked out of sight behind buildings.

If screens and planting can’t be designed in to help hide butts there are a number of more decorative butts available but again these are usually much more costly than the standard recycled plastic varieties that are available.

Adaptive planting is the way to go for the future but for right now, for the plants you already have in your garden, with an estimated 60,000 litres of rainwater falling on the roof of an average semi in the UK every year it makes perfect sense to try to make the most of this free, valuable, resource.

So, no buts – get water butts!

Garden Trends – 20 for the 20s

It’s that time of year…

Chances are you’re starting to think about your garden. If you’re not sure where to take it we thought that with the start of a new decade it would be fun to have a go at predicting some of the garden trends and practices we’d expect to be seeing over the next decade. It might help inform some of the decisions you make in your own garden. So, in no particular order here are our 20 for the 20’s…

  1. Purposeful. Gardens will be more than something to look at and enjoy; we think they will be increasingly designed and built to achieve things too. So, for instance, they might be helping to manage rain water within your property, or boosting wildlife habitat, etc.
  2. Wildlife. We’d expect to see a more relaxed style to our gardens as supporting wildlife becomes ever more important. Increasing development plans brings with it decreasing wildlife habitat and we expect to see more and more people want to do more for our beleaguered wildlife.
  3. GYO. As plant based diets, increasing food costs and the need to know where our food comes from continue to surge we’d expect to see more people growing their own.
  4. Indoor. Houseplants sales have been a growing trend over the last few years and we’d expect that trend to continue, driven mainly by increasing urbanisation, pollution and lack of access to nature.
  5. Containers. With increasing numbers of renters and gardens getting smaller and smaller container gardening is likely to make a big step forward as a portable, viable option for many dealing with little or no-soil spaces.
  6. Vertical. We’d expect to see many more living walls appear driven mainly by lack of space and a changing climate.
  7. Green roofs. Currently concentrated around London, Birmingham and Manchester we’d expect to see green roofs more widely spread around the UK. The benefits of them far outweigh any negatives.
  8. Low maintenance. While we see the drivers behind people’s decisions about their gardens changing, time-poor people generally want to enjoy their gardens rather than ’maintain’ them.
  9. Technology. Where there’s a will there’s usually an app for it! We expect the use of tech in the garden to grow over the next decade.
  10. Sustainable choices. As awareness of the climate crisis grows we expect growing consumer demand for more sustainable options to elicit significant changes in garden related markets.
  11. Soil. We expect to see soil care taking centre stage in gardens with no-dig outweighing dig methods, home composts and green manures being increasingly used.
  12. Composting. We expect to see increasing numbers of people home composting driven by soil and waste awareness, and economics.
  13. Organic. The organic market has seen consistent steady growth over the last six years and we expect to see that trend continuing through the next decade.
  14. Plastic. Worth a mention of its own, the plastics battle is likely to rage throughout the 20s and beyond. In the design and gardening fields we expect to see a major shift in demand to natural and plastic-free materials.
  15. RRR. We expect to see a buoyant reclamation sector emerge around the landscaping industry as people’s desire to Reduce, Reuse and Recycle materials grows. On more individual levels we expect to see a growing trend for personal upcycling/repurposing garden projects.
  16. Water management. Future predictions for the UK weather points to hotter, drier summers and much wetter, warmer winters so water management is likely to play an increasingly important part of our garden planning.
  17. Adaptive planting. Increasingly our plants need to cope with significant weather events so we expect to see more adaptive planting styles coming to the fore. Plants are likely to be chosen more for their adaptability than their looks.
  18. Trees, shrubs & hedges. With their superior ability to help mitigate flooding, reduce temperature and support wildlife we expect to see a resurgence of tree, shrub and hedge planting across UK gardens.
  19. Plant biosecurity. Increasing awareness of the potential import of foreign pests and diseases into our fragile eco-system will see the demand for reputable plant suppliers rise. However, with new customs practices and probable rise in plant costs we also wouldn’t be surprised to see a rise in black market plant sales potentially bypassing the plant passport system.
  20. British grown. Linked to the above we expect to see a big rise in the use of British grown plants.

Up Front Garden Design

Up Front Garden Design

I thought I’d make a change from normal proceedings this time around, and rather than focus on a garden design principle or tip I thought I’d consider a specific area of our home: often overlooked, but always on view, our front gardens frequently get short shrift when it comes to imaginative home improvement.

Recent trends in front gardens have seen significant increases in full paving practices and substantial reductions in plants both of which have detrimental knock on effects to humans, wildlife and the planet as a whole. It may sound dramatic and it’s easy to think that ‘my little bit’ won’t make a difference but cumulatively lots of ‘little bits’ following these trends are increasing the possibilities of flooding, contributing to climbing urban temperatures and pollution levels, impacting negatively on wildlife and making our environment more fractious, depressing places to live.

It may sound trite to say that a little bit of garden design inspiration can help mitigate these very real threats to ours and our natural world’s existence but if we all start to really think about the space outside our homes as a ‘garden’ first and a car park or a bin store or a mere transition point from a pavement to our front door second, then we just might stand a chance of reversing these damaging trends. Don’t get me wrong, I still stand by the design mantra of ‘form ever follows function’ but there’s no ‘form’ in fully paving a front garden; it is functionality without form and it is that idea – that you have to sacrifice form entirely in order to get a car (as an example) onto your front garden – that I want us all to reconsider. With a little bit of imagination and an application of design principles there is no reason why we can’t have our cake and eat it too i.e. have a functional but still lovely front garden.

So, some top tips for achieving it? Read on…

Hopefully this will give you some ideas of where to start and we can all begin to make our neighbourhoods lovelier places to be! Check out the RHS website too for more ideas about how to green your little bit of grey Britain.

Heatwave-proof your Garden

The heatwave really is upon us and if the forecast is anything to go by it could last for a few more weeks yet.  If we're struggling and flagging in the heat just think about how our gardens are coping!  We're not complaining because before we know it the summer will be over and we'll be into autumn, but it's important to plan for a heatwave next year as our climate is changing whether we like it or not.  

Here's a few ideas on how to heatwave proof your garden:

That's what we can do for the future but what can we do right now:

So now that you have watered, pour yourself a glass or mug of something lovely and sit and enjoy the garden you have created so far!

Pledge for Pollinators

Pollinating bee on rudbeckia

Pledge for Pollinators

Here at Blue Daisy we’re really passionate about saving our humble British bumble bee and other pollinating insects like hoverflies, moths and butterflies.  The decline in our pollinating insects, especially bees, has been noticed through various studies over the last 50 years or so, the reasons are far reaching but one has been the reduction of our wild-flower meadows through the use of chemicals.  Recently it has become a hot topic with many organisations including the RHS (Royal Horticultural Society) taking up the mantel led by Sarah Raven, to help gardeners identify the best plants in garden centres.  They have introduced a badge called ‘Perfect for Pollinators’ which will be on plant labels in all good garden centres.

Why are we interested in pollinating insects?  Well in brief, they transfer the pollen from one flower to the next allowing it to be fertilized, which means it will have the ability to set seed or produce fruits.  This is really important for us all, if plants aren’t able to set seed we risk reducing the amount of plants we can have as they could become endangered or extinct. The worst case scenario is that the pollinated flowers don’t turn into fruit which means it could have a huge impact on what we are growing and eating, or not eating as the case may be!  The pollination would need to be done by hand, it would be such a laborious task taking so many hours that the products themselves would subsequently be so highly priced the average person in the street may not be able to afford them.

We rely on insects to pollinate apples, raspberries, strawberries, red and blackcurrants, plums and pears so that we may eat and enjoy them.  It doesn’t just stop at fruit the bean family i.e. broad beans and runner beans also the marrow and pumpkin family too are pollinated by insects.  The value of insect-pollinated fruit and vegetables grown here in the UK is a staggering £220 million every year.* 

What can we do?  There are so many things that we as garden owners can do to help the bees, butterflies, moths and hoverflies.  Did you know that the combined area of our gardens is larger than all of our nature reserves combined?  It goes without saying if we change but one thing in our garden we are helping the biodiversity for our community which in turn will have a beneficial effect for our diets, also our colour and variety rich gardens.  Here are just a few things you can do:

Here at Blue Daisy this year we will be encouraging our customers to consider the insects in their gardens.  We will be advising which plants to buy to extend the pollinating seasons and above all we guarantee that all our planting plans will have pollinator friendly plants incorporated.

Blue Daisy is asking you to consider what you can do to help our insects, asking you to think about what new plants you are buying and making sure that at least 50% of them are pollinator friendly from now on. You don’t have to start from scratch in your garden it’s about being realistic, it’s about understanding what is in your garden now and what you can add to make it more friendly.

From now on please consider our pollinating insects every time you buy new plants for your garden or as presents for friends and relatives.  Blue Daisy is a small business but if we and all of our customers, old and new, commit and if we can convince anyone else to along the way, together we will hopefully be starting a wave of change!   So please, commit now yourself and use our social media buttons at the bottom of this article to get the message out to others!  We really can't afford to lose our pollinators and we CAN do something about it, so please, let's try.

*Source: www.rhs.org.uk

Good Pollinator Plants

The RHS has produced a list of plants that are perfect for pollinators and here are a few of our favourite plants from that list:

Winter:
Sarcococca hookeriana (winter box)
Galanthus nivalis  (single snowdrop)

Spring:
Chaenomeles x superba (Japanese quince)
Geranium phaeum (dusky cransebill)
Ribes sanquineum (flowering currant)

Summer:
Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush)
Lavender cultivars
Verbena bonariensis

Autumn:
Anemone hupehensis (Japanese anenome)
Dahlia cultivars (single flowering )

Useful Pollinator Links

Coping with Drought

Drought tolerant gardens are the way forward…

When we're designing gardens the subject of climate change sometimes crops up and we're now often being asked whether it is possible to ‘drought proof’ a garden. One garden that has succeeded famously at this is the Beth Chatto Gardens in Essex and her ‘Gravel Garden’ has been an inspiration to gardeners and designers alike. Her gravel garden works with nature and does not fight against it, she used plants that will cope in dry conditions for example, Lavender, Cistus, Bergenia, Allium, Sedum and drought resistant grasses that have not been artificially watered since around 1992!

If you are thinking about having your garden designed and are starting with a blank canvass you could consider installing an underground rainwater harvesting system, a huge undertaking to be completed before the hard landscaping begins but well worth considering. Harvested rainwater has many uses around the house, for example flushing the toilet and for use in washing machines, but it can also be used to water the garden. Today a lot of people have water butts – which are great – but they don’t last long during a period of drought which we all saw this April when we had no rain for most of the month! It is also very important to choose your plants and the location of them carefully; you need to include plants that can cope with little water yet look good most of the year; after all you do want a beautiful garden.

High water use areas are lawns, vegetable patches and flower gardens so whether you are creating a new garden or adapting one you already have some ideas below show how you can reduce water useage:

Planting choice

Planting location

Soil structure

Lawns

Mulches

Watering

So you see, you can still have a beautiful garden if you work with nature and consider what else can be done and incorporated into the design to deal with our ever changing weather.

Lawns Gone Wild!

Just let it go…

I recently read an interesting article by Frank Ronan in Gardens Illustrated (May 2010) called ‘Live and Let Grow’ which has inspired us to write another lawn related blog. It is something that we really like the idea of and have recently seen some great examples. Some people can be quite obsessed about their lawns ensuring they are highly manicured, so if you recognise yourself in that description, the following may be quite a scary concept for you!

Consider letting your lawn or an area within your lawn just grow long and wild. The grasses will eventually flower and other flowers will self seed and look beautiful and natural as they sway in the breeze. Not just good for aesthetic reasons alone it also encourages a whole new level of bio-diversity into your garden.

The best way to do this is to mow an edge around the proposed meadow area for two reasons, one is for ease of maintaining and keeping pathways clear. The other is to provide a ‘frame’ for the meadow area making a feature of it so that it can be admired by your friends and family members.

How to do it? Well simply just leave an area not mowed in the springtime and as it all begins to grow it will provide an area for small insects and as the flowers set seed the birds will have a feast! Leave the grass long overwinter as it can provide a useful habitat for small creatures to hibernate. Next spring just cut it back and let it grow all over again!

Wild areas in the garden whether it is the lawn or a pile of logs needn't look messy – get creative as insects, animals and birds don’t really mind as long as they can access the nectar, seeds or simply take shelter in longer grasses, so make it look chic!

If this is something that you’re interested in and live in or near to Kenilworth we’d love to help you create that meadow look either with or for you.